List of essential medicines, WHO, 2004
1. 마취제
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
ether, anaesthetic, halothane, ketamine, nitrous oxide, oxygen, thiopental
1.2 Local anaesthetics
bupivacaine, lidocaine, lidocaine + epinephrine(adrenaline), ephedrine
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
atropine, diazepam, morphine, promethazine
2. Analgesics, antipyretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, medicines used to treat gout and disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders
2.1 Non-opioid analgesics and antipyretics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines
acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, paracetamol
2.2 Opioid analgesics ; codeine, morphine
2.3 Medicines used to treat gout ; allopurinol, colchicine
2.4 Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders
chloroquine, azathioprine, methotrexate, penicillamine, sulfasalazine
3. Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis
chlorphenamine, dexamethasone, epinephrine(adrenaline), hydrocortisone, prednisolone
4.해독제와 other substances used in poisonings
4.1 Non-specific ; charcoal
4.2 Specific
acetylcysteine, atropine, calcium gluconate, deferoxamine, dimercaprol, DL-methionine,
methylthioninium chloride(methylene blue), naloxone, penicillamine, potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II)·2H2O (Prussian blue), sodium calcium edetate, sodium nitrite,
sodium thiosulfate
5. 항경련제 / 항전간제
carbamazepine, diazepam, magnesium sulfate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid, clonazepam, ethosuximide
6. Anti-infective medicines
6.1 구충제
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, niclosamide, praziquantel, pyrantel
6.1.2 사상충약 ; ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, suramin sodium
6.1.3 주혈흡충약과 기타 디스토마약 ; praziquantel, triclabendazole, oxamniquine
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 b-Lactam medicines
amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, procaine benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime,
ceftriaxone, imipenem + cilastatin
6.2.2 Other antibacterials
azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin,
metronidazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim,
trimethoprim, clindamycin, sulfadiazine, vancomycin
6.2.3 한센병약(multidrug therapy MDT) ; clofazimine, dapsone, rifampicin
6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines
ethambutol, isoniazid, isoniazid + ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, rifampicin + isoniazid,
rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide, rifampicin + isoniazid +pyrazinamide + ethambutol,
streptomycin, amikacin, p-aminosalicylic acid, capreomycin, ciprofloxacin, cycloserine,
ethionamide, kanamycin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, thioacetazone + isoniazid
6.3 Antifungal medicines
fluconazolel, griseofulvin, nystatin, amphotericin B, flucytosine, potassium iodide
6.4 Antiviral medicines
6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines ; aciclovir
6.4.2 Antiretroviral medicines(다제요법)
(a) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
abacavir(ABC), didanosine(ddI), lamivudine(3TC), stavudine(d4T), zidovudine(ZDV or AZT)
(b) Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
efavirenz(EFV or EFZ), nevirapine(NVP)
(c) Protease inhibitors
indinavir(IDV), lopinavir + ritonavir(LPV/r), nelfinavir(NFV), ritonavir(r), saquinavir(SQV)
6.5 항원충제
6.5.1 항아베마와 알디아증(람플 편모충)약 ; diloxanide, metronidazole
6.5.2 리슈만편모충약 ; meglumine antimoniate, amphotericin B, pentamidine
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines
(a) 치료약(P. falciparum malaria는 복합요법)
amodiaquine, artemether + lumefantrine, chloroquine, primaquine, quinine, artemether,
artesunate, doxycycline, mefloquine, sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
(b) 예방목적
chloroquine, doxycycline, mefloquine, proguanil
6.5.4 폐포자충증약과 톡소플라즈마(주혈원충병)약
pyrimethamine, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, pentamidine
6.5.5 파동편모충약
(a) African trypanosomiasis ; melarsoprol, suramin sodium, eflornithine, pentamidine
(b) American trypanosomiasis ; benznidazole, nifurtimox
6.6 해충퇴치제 ; diethyltoluamide
7. 편두통치료제
7.1 급성치료 ; acetylsalicylic acid, ergotamine, paracetamol
7.2 예방 ; propranolol
8. 항종양약, 면역억제제와 완화치료에 쓰이는 약
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines ; azathioprine, ciclosporin
8.2 세포독성약제
asparaginase, bleomycin, calcium folinate, chlorambucil, chlormethine, cisplatin, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, etoposide,
fluorouracil, levamisole, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, procarbazine, vinblastine, vincristine
8.3 Hormones and antihormones ; dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, tamoxifen
8.4 Medicines used in palliative care ; opioid availability, analgesics
9. Antiparkinsonism medicines ; biperiden, levodopa + carbidopa
10. Medicines affecting the blood
10.1 Antianaemia medicines
ferrous salt, ferrous salt + folic acid, folic acid, hydroxocobalamin
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation
heparin sodium, phytomenadione, protamine sulfate, warfarin
11. Blood products and plasma substitutes
11.1 Plasma substitutes ; dextran 70, polygeline
11.2 Plasma fractions for specific use
factor VIII concentrate, factor IX complex (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X) concentrate
12. Cardiovascular medicines
12.1 항협심증제 ; atenolol, glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, verapamil
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines
atenolol, digoxin, epinephrine(adrenaline), lidocaine, verapamil, isoprenaline, procainamide,
quinidine
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
atenolol, enalapril, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, methyldopa, nifedipine, sodium nitroprusside
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure ; digoxin, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, dopamine
12.5 항혈전제 ; acetylsalicylic acid, streptokinase
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents(각 국가 사정에 맞게)
13. Dermatological medicines(국소적)
13.1 Antifungal medicines
benzoic acid + salicylic acid, miconazole, sodium thiosulfate, selenium sulfide
13.2 Anti-infective medicines
methylrosanilinium chloride(gentian violet), neomycin + bacitracin, potassium permanganate,
silver sulfadiazine
13.3 항염과 가려움완화제 ; betamethasone, calamine lotion, hydrocortisone
13.4 수렴제 ; aluminium diacetate
13.5 피부분화, 증식에 작용하는 약
benzoyl peroxide, coal tar, dithranol, fluorouracil, podophyllum resin, salicylic acid, urea
13.6 옴 & 이 치료제 ; benzyl benzoate, permethrin
13.7 자외선차단제
topical sun protection agent with activity against ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B
14. 진단약
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines ; fluorescein, tropicamide
14.2 방사선 조영제
amidotrizoate, barium sulfate, iohexol, iopanoic acid, propyliodone, meglumine iotroxate
15. 소독제와 살균제
15.1 살균제 ; chlorhexidine, ethanol, polyvidone iodine
15.2 소독제 ; chlorine base compound, chloroxylenol, glutaral
16. 이뇨제 ; amiloride, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol, spironolactone
17. 위장관약
17.1 제산제와 기타항궤양제 ; aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ranitidine
17.2 진토제 ; metoclopramide, promethazine
17.3 치질약 ; local anaesthetic, astringent and anti-inflammatory medicine
17.4 Anti-inflammatory medicines ; sulfasalazine, hydrocortisone
17.5 진경제 ; atropine
17.6 변비 ; senna
17.7 지사제
17.7.1 Oral hydration ; oral rehydration salts (for glucose–electrolyte solution)
17.7.2 Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) medicines ; codeine
18. Hormones, other endocrine medicines and contraceptives
18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
부신피질기능저하증(Addison’s disease) ; adrenal hormones
18.2 Androgens ; testosterone
18.3 피임제
18.3.1 Hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol + norethisterone, levonorgestrel,
norethisterone enantate, medroxyprogesterone acetate
18.3.2 자궁내 장치 ; copper-containing device
18.3.3 Barrier methods ; condoms, diaphragms
18.4 Estrogens ; ethinylestradiol
18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents
glibenclamide, insulin injection (soluble), intermediate-acting insulin, metformin
18.6 배란유도제 ; clomifene
18.7 Progestogens ; norethisterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate
18.8 갑상선기능저하 / 항진약 ; levothyroxine, potassium iodide, propylthiouracil
19. Immunologicals
19.1 Diagnostic agents ; tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)
19.2 혈청 & 면역제제
anti-D immunoglobulin (human), antitetanus immunoglobulin (human), antivenom sera, diphtheria antitoxin, rabies immunoglobulin
19.3 Vaccines
19.3.1 For universal immunization
BCG vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, measles vaccine홍역, pertussis vaccine백일해, poliomyelitis vaccine, tetanus vaccine파상풍
19.3.2 For specific groups of individuals
influenza vaccine, meningococcal meningitis vaccine, mumps vaccine유행성 이하선염, rabies vaccine (inactivated) (prepared in cell culture)광견병, rubella vaccine풍진, typhoid vaccine,
yellow fever vaccine
20. Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors
alcuronium, neostigmine, suxamethonium, pyridostigmine, vecuronium
21. 안과제제
21.1 Anti-infective agents ; gentamicin, idoxuridine, silver nitrate, tetracycline
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents ; prednisolone
21.3 Local anaesthetics ; tetracaine
21.4 축종제와 녹내장치료제 ; acetazolamide, pilocarpine, timolol
21.5 산동제 ; atropine, epinephrine (adrenaline)
22. Oxytocics and antioxytocics
22.1 분만촉진제 ; ergometrine, oxytocin
22.2 Antioxytocics ; salbutamol
23. 복막투석액 ; intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)
24. 심리치료제
24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders ; chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders
24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders ; amitriptyline
24.2.2 조울증치료제 ; carbamazepine, lithium carbonate, valproic acid
24.3 항불안제와 수면제 ; diazepam
24.4 강박충동장애와 공황발작약 ; clomipramine
25. Medicines acting on the respiratory tract
25.1 Antiasthmatics and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone, epinephrine (adrenaline), ipratropium bromide, salbutamol, theophylline,
aminophylline, cromoglicic acid
26. Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid–base disturbances
26.1 Oral ; oral rehydration salts (for glucose–electrolyte solution), potassium chloride
26.2 Parenteral
glucose, glucose with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium lactate(compound solution)
26.3 기타 ; water for injection
27. Vitamins and minerals
ascorbic acid, ergocalciferol, iodine, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, retinol, riboflavin, sodium fluoride, thiamine, calcium gluconate
