(p114) 독일의 화학기업들인 바에엘. BASF. 훽스트(Hoechst), 아그파(Agfa), 바일러-터-메어(Weiler-ter-Meer)가 자신들의 사업과 영업비밀을 지키고 업계를 지배하려고 1925년에 서로 손잡고 IG 파르펜(IG Farben)이라는 카르텔을 만들었다. … 독일의 업계 지도자들은 미국의 록펠러 가가 설립한 스탠더드 오일의 독점을 보고 이를 모델로 삼았다.(스텐다드 오일 역시 석유와 함께 농약을 판매했고, 실제로 유연휘발유 생산을 비롯한 여러 프로젝트에서 IG 파르벤과 파트나 관계를 맺었다.) …
(p116) 훗날 미국은 히틀러로부터 세계를 구하고 자유를 지키려고 제2차 세계대전에 자랑스럽게 참전했는데, 나치가 유대인 민족을 몰락시키려고 사용했떤 바로 그 화학물질을 미국에서도 사용했다. 독일로부터 이를 사들인 것이다.
나치가 수백만 명의 유대인 학살에 사용한 악명 높은 독가스 치클론B는 프리츠 하버가 개발한 시안화물 계열의 살충제로 ‘이를 없애는 데’ 사용하던 것이었다.
인종적으로 유대인었지만 1892년에 기독교로 개종해 독일의 애국자가 된 하버는 화학전에 사용된 약품 개발에 중요한 역할을 했다는 이유로 과학계로부터 따돌림을 당하자 1933년에 독일을 떠나 영국으로 갔다….
아무튼, 치클론B는 IG 파르벤의 자회사 데게슈(Degesch)가 허가를 받은 두 생산자에게 필요한 재료와 장비를 빌려줘서 제조하고 판매했다. IG 파르벤에 속했던 독일의 화학기업들은 아우슈비츠 포로수용소 옆에 합성고무 ‘공장’을 짓기로 했고, 자회사 가운데 하나가 대량학살에 필요한 가스를 제공할 참이었다. 공장 관리자들의 잔혹함은 상상을 초월할 정도여서 수용소를 지키는 나치친위대보다도 잔혹했다고 한다. …
IG 파르벤은 또한 잔혹한 인체실험으로 악명 높은 요제프 멩겔레(Josef Mengele) 박사에게도 자금을 댔는데, 그는 IG 파르벤, 특히 바이엘과 담당 의사인 헬무트 베터(Helmuth Vetter)가 개발하던 많은 의약품의 ‘연구실험’을 이끌었다. 베터는 아우슈비츠 수용소에서 일했고 (온화하게 표현해서) 자신의 연구를 즐겼다.
(p118) 전쟁이 끝나고 IG 파르벤의 많은 경영진들이 전범재판을 받았다. 그 중 세명만이 강제노역과 대량학살로 유죄판결을 받았는데 이들마저 몇 달 뒤에 풀려났다. 이들 세 명은 다시 사업체에 복귀했고 이들의 사업은 전쟁 후에 유례없는 성장을 보였다. 연합군은 결국 IG 파르벤을 바이엘, BASF, 훽스트(현재 사노피-아벤티스) 이렇게 셋으로 분할했다. …
(p119) 전쟁이 끝나자 미국 기업들은 마침내 독일 기업들의 영업 비밀을 알아내 애국적 광고로 호소하며 미국 농부들에게 똑같은 제품을 팔기 시작했다. 듀폰, 몬산토, 다우, 아메리칸사이나미드, 엘리릴리 그리고 여러 담배회사들이 이윤이 아주 놓은 독극물 사업에 관여했다.
데브라 데이비스는 <암과 전쟁의 감추어진 역사>(The Secret History of the War on Cancer )에서 말하기를, 이들 기업의 대부분이 자사의 제품이 특히 자사 직원들에게 암을 유발한다는 것을 알았다고 한다. 하지만 기업 대표들은 적극적으로 의도적으로 반복해서 이를 부인하고 은폐했으며, 세심한 조사와 정부의 규제를 피하려고 의심스럽고 우스꽝스러운 짓도 마다하지 않았다. 심지어는 학술연구소를 세워 자신들의 사업에 호의적인 시각을 가제 만드는 정보를 대중에게 퍼뜨리기도 했다.
(p131) 신젠타라는 기업이 생소할지도 모르겠는데, 제약기업 노바티스와 아스트라제네카가 GMO 종자 판매에 대한 부정적인 여론을 모면하려고 2000년에 자사의 종자 사업과 농업 사업을 분리해서 만든 기업이다.
===============
저자소개
저자 마리아 로데일
건강한 지구, 건강한 삶을 무엇보다 중시하는 세계 유수의 멀티미디어 기업 로데일 주식회사의 CEO이자 회장이다. 지금까지 세 권의 책을 펴낸 저자로 2004년 오더번협회가 수여하는 레이첼 카슨 상, 2007년 유엔인구기금이 수여하는 여성건강존엄 상을 비롯하여 여러 상을 수상했다. 그녀는 지금 미국 펜실베이니아 주 베들레헴의 환경 친화적인 집에서 남편과 세 자녀와 함께 살고 있다. 마리아 로데일의 블로그 ‘마리아의 시골농장부’에서 그녀에 관한 더 많은 글들을 읽을 수 있다.
역자 장호연
서울대학교 미학과를 졸업하고 같은 대학교 음악학과 대학원에서 석사학위를 받았다. 영국 뉴캐슬대학교에서 대중음악을 공부했다. 음악 동호회 얼트 바이러스에서 음악평론을 하면서 글쓰기를 시작해 웹진 〈웨이브〉에 음악평론을 기고했고 방송작가로도 활동했다. 현재 음악과 뇌과학, 문학 분야를 넘나드는 번역작가로 활약하고 있다.
지은 책으로 《얼트 문화와 록 음악 2》(공저), 《오프 더 레코드, 인디 록 파일》(공저) 등이 있고, 옮긴 책으로 《뇌의 왈츠》, 《뮤지코필리아》, 《인문학에게 뇌과학을 말하다》, 《낯선 땅 이방인》, 《말년의 양식에 관하여》, 《에릭 클랩튼》, 《레드 제플린》, 《거금 100만 달러》, 《라스베이거스의 공포와 혐오》, 《긍정의 뇌》 등이 있다.
감수 조완형
고려대학교 대학원에서 식품유통경제를 공부하고 1991년부터 한살림에서 일하고 있는 유기농?생협 전문가이자 활동가이다. 현재 한살림연합의 전무이사이다. 한살림 외에도 그는 한국유기농업학회, 한국협동조합학회, 한국식생활교육학회, 식생활교육국민네트워크, 슬로푸드문화원 등에서 먹을거리와 관련된 폭넓은 연구?실천 활동을 벌이는 중이다. 저서 《흙을 살리는 길》(흙살림, 공저)이 있고, 친환경유기농식품?협동조합·식생활교육 관련 다수의 논문과 글들을 썼다.
목차
감수의 글 6
옮긴이의 글 8
서문 11
들어가며 15
1부 거대한 화학실험, 우리는 모두 실험동물이었다
1. 누가 땅과 물과 공기를 오염시켰는가 24
2. 누가 우리 자신과 아이들을 오염시켰는가 41
2부 굽이진 길을 따라 멸종으로 가다
3. 오늘날의 화학농업 72
4. 화학농업의 탄생 99
5. 기업과 정부는 어떻게 우리를 기만했나 126
3부 치유의 시대
6. 오늘날의 유기농업 188
7. 자연과 협력하는 농사 204
8. 세상을 구할 다섯 가지 열쇠 240
감사의 말 252
주 257
찾아보기 271
================
About Dr. Davis
About Devra Lee Davis PhD MPH
Founder and President of Environmental Health Trust
- Recent articles by Dr. Davis
- Testimonials
- Awards
- Academic Resume
- A Crusader Rising
by Sue Katz Miller
출처 : http://www.environmentalhealthtrust.org/content/about-dr-davis
Designated a National Book Award Finalist for When Smoke Ran Like Water (2002, Basic Books), Devra Davis founded Environmental Health Trust in 2007 in Teton County, Wyoming to provide basic research and education about environmental health hazards and promote constructive policies locally, nationally and internationally. Dr. Davis lectures at Georgetown, Harvard, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and other universities, and was Founding Director, Center for Environmental Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, and Professor of Epidemiology at the Graduate School of Public Health (2004-2009). The Secret History of the War on Cancer was a top pick by Newsweek, is forming the basis for national cancer policy revisions by the South African Cancer Society, and is being used at major schools of public health, including Harvard, Emory, and Tulane University. Dr. Davis also was the founding director of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology of the U.S. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences and Scholar in Residence, 1983-1993. Her new book, Disconnect, selected by TIME magazine as a top pick, provides shocking detail about cell phone radiation and your health, is receiving kudos from experts and policy makers around the world, and is the subject of broad multi-media coverage.
Her career has spanned all areas of academia, public policy, and scientific research. President Clinton appointed the Honorable Dr. Davis to the newly established Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, (1994-99) an independent executive branch agency that investigates, prevents, and mitigates chemical accidents. As the former Senior Advisor to the Assistant Secretary for Health in the Department of Health and Human Services, she has counseled leading officials in the United States, United Nations, European Environment Agency, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, and World Bank and served as a member of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the U.S. National Toxicology Program, 1983-86.
She also served as a Lead Author of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—the group awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with the Honorable Al Gore.
Dr. Davis holds a B.S. in physiological psychology and a M.A. in sociology from the University of Pittsburgh, 1967. She completed a Ph.D. in science studies at the University of Chicago as a Danforth Foundation Graduate Fellow, 1972 and a M.P.H. in epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins University as a Senior National Cancer Institute Post-Doctoral Fellow, 1982. She has also authored more than 190 publications in books and journals ranging from the Lancet and Journal of the American Medical Association to Scientific American and the New York Times and blogs in Freakonomics for the New York Times, Huffington Post and elsewhere.
Honored for her research and public policy work by various national and international groups, she has been a Fellow of both the American Colleges of Toxicology and of Epidemiology. She was honored by the Betty Ford Comprehensive Cancer Center and the American Cancer Society with the Breast Cancer Awareness Award, commended by the Director of the National Cancer Institute for Outstanding Service, and appointed a Global Environmental advisor to Newsweek Magazine.
The recipient of a Women’s Leadership Exchange Compass Award, presented by OPEN: The Small Business Network from American Express, for breaking the paradigms of how women are perceived, Dr. Davis received the first Lisa Zhang Environmental Award from the United Nations in July 2008. In June 2009, Dr. Davis was honored with the Artemis Award presented by the Euro-American Women’s Council and the Greek Foreign Ministry in recognition of her outstanding contributions to science and public health policy. She occasionally discusses avoidable environmental health hazards on national and local programming with NPR, Fox News, CNN, ABC, PBS, BBC.
=====================The Secret History of the War on Cancer
출처 : http://www.environmentalhealthtrust.org/content/secret-history-war-cancer-0
Newsweek named The Secret History of the War on Cancer its must read pick for the week of October 8, 2007!
Also selected as one of the best books of the year by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and the Toronto Globe and Mail.
For much of its history, the cancer war has been fighting the wrong battles, with the wrong weapons, against the wrong enemies. The Secret History of the War on Cancer by Dr. Devra Davis shows, decade by decade, how the campaign has targeted the disease and left off the table the things that cause it—tobacco, alcohol, the workplace, and other environmental hazards. Conceived in explicitly military terms, the effort has focused on defeating an enemy by detecting, treating, and curing disease. Overlooked and suppressed was any consideration of how the world in which we live and work affects whether we get cancer. The result is appalling: over 10 million preventable cancer deaths over the past thirty years. This has been no accident.
What People Are Saying
“In 1900, infectious diseases were the leading cause of death in the United States; in our current age of pasteurized milk and purified water, this is no longer the case. The focus now has shifted to the chronic maladies of aging — cancer, heart disease and stroke. Tens of billions of dollars are being thrown into crusades against these killers, with the so-called ‘war on cancer’ capturing the lion’s…” — Washington Post
“[G]rim but fascinating reading….Davis proposes a kind of truth-and-reconciliation approach to get industry and public-health experts mutually involved. But she notes that, unfortunately, it’s simply not happening fast enough….One can hope, however, that Davis’s book will assure that proper attention is paid.” — Kirkus Reviews
“Davis writes with passion, driven by the conviction that premature deaths among her family members resulted from exposure to industrial toxins….Davis presents a powerful call to action; recommended.” — Library Journal
“I am reading Dr. Davis’s book. With each page, I become more incensed — at the doctors, the ACS, the chemical companies, and the government. Before I opened the first page, I had an inkling of what had occurred, but Dr. Davis’s book opened my eyes wide. I am sickened by what happened in the War on Cancer, and I thank Dr. Davis for this timely, well-written, and stunning exposé. At my request, my local library ordered a copy of the book. I also intend to buy and send a copy to my congressional representative, Mark Udall, and ask him what he plans to do to stop the riotous use and dumping of toxins into our environment and to protect the health of people with jobs that produce these vile chemicals and environmental toxins. Please extend my appreciation to Dr. Davis” — Patricia, Colorado
“A breathtaking, impeccably documented wake-up call for what we should have done and what we must do!” — Teresa Heinz Kerry, co-author of This Moment on Earth
“With the mastery of a great writer, Devra Davis takes the reader inside the successes, the failures, and the ambiguity of research on cancer.” — Lorenzo Tomatis, MD, Former Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization
“The Secret History of the War on Cancer is a masterful combination of scientific insights and investigative journalism. If you want to know why one in three Americans develops cancer, read this book.” — Mitchell Gaynor, MD, President, Gaynor Integrative Oncology
Among the Findings
- As early as 1936, the world’s leading cancer scientists understood that tobacco, diagnostic and solar radiation, benzene, and hormones caused cancer. The preparation and conduct of World War II with its focus on immediate survival effectively sidetracked these early findings of cancer hazards.
- Many more young people (those under 40 years of age) are getting cancer. One of the reasons may be the excessive use of x-rays in infants and children, and our failures to reduce exposures to other cancer hazards like those in urban air or agents that can leach from some plastics. Earlier this year, the American College of Radiology advised against unnecessary and excessive use of CT and other forms of diagnostic radiation in children, warning that this will further add to the growing cancer burden in young people today.
- When first reports emerged that coke oven workers had higher rates of lung cancer in the 1970s, some suggested that this was because most of them were black. Not until similar findings showed up in white Mormon workers five years later, was the link between coke oven work and lung cancer established. While one in eight Americans today is black, one in three works in a blue collar job, and one in five lives within two miles of a hazardous waste site. This increased environmental burden has never been considered when trying to understand why rates of prostate, breast, and colo-rectal cancer are so much higher in blacks than whites.
- The life-saving test for cervix cancer, called the Pap smear, was not put into use for more than a decade after it was shown to save lives, because of fears that it would undermine the private practice of medicine. These delays led to the deaths or unnecessary surgery of millions of women, who succumbed to an illness that could have been avoided.
Interviews
Interview with Dr. Davis on Health Insight Radio | Listen | December 6, 2008