프랑스 칸 대학의 세라리니 교수팀이 실험용 쥐를 대상으로 GM 옥수수와 라운드업 제초제의
장기 독성연구 결과를 발표한 데 이어… 호주와 미국의 학자들이 돼지를 대상으로 GM 옥수수와
GM 콩의 장기 독성연구 결과를 발표했습니다.
이번 연구결과 GM 옥수수와 GM 콩을 혼합하여 투여한 돼지는 일반 사료를 투여한 돼지보다
3배나 더 많은 비율로 심한 위염에 걸렸으며, 자궁의 무게도 25%나 더 무거운 것으로
나타났습니다. 심한 위염 증상은 특히 GM 사료를 투여한 수퇘지에서 4배나 더 많은 비율로
발생했습니다.
앞으로 이번 연구에 대한 과학계의 논란이 진행될 것으로 예상됩니다.
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유전자조작 콩과 옥수수 혼합사료를 투여한 돼지의 장기 독성 연구
젖을 뗀 새끼돼지 168마리를 각각 84마리씩 2개 집단으로 나누어서 실험 집단은
GM 콩과 옥수수를 혼합한 사료를 투여하고, 컨트롤 집단은 일반 콩과 옥수수 사료를
160일(22.7주) 동안 투여함. 각 실험집단 84마리의 돼지는 암컷 44마리, 수컷 44마리로
구성되었음.
(각주 : 이 기간은 현대 양돈농장에서 식육을 목적으로 사육하는 돼지의 평균 수명을 5~6개월
을 고려한 것임. 돼지의 평균 수명은 15~20년 가량이기 때문에 단지 5~6개월의
시험기간은 객관적으로는 중기 독성에 해당한다고 볼 수 있지만… 현대 양돈장에서 돼지의
평균 수명이 5~6개월에 불과하므로 현실적으로는 돼지 전생애에 걸친 장기독성 연구라고
볼 수 있음)
GM 옥수수는 double and triple-stacked varietie를 포함하고 있음.(stacked corn에 대해서는
다음 사이트를 참고할 것.
http://pafarmgirl.wordpress.com/2010/03/22/understanding-stacked-corn/)
사료섭취량, 체중증가량, 치명률, 혈액화학수치 등을 측정함. 사후 부검을 통해 내장 장기의
무게 및 병리소견을 살펴봄.
GM 사료를 섭취한 돼지와 일반 사료를 섭취한 돼지의 사료섭취량, 체중증가량, 치명률,
혈액화학수치는 차이가 없었음.
GM 사료를 섭취한 왜지는 위장관 및 자궁에서 차이가 나타났음.
GM 사료를 섭취한 왜지는 일반 사료를 섭취한 돼지에 비해 자궁 무게가 25%나 더 무거웠음.
GM 사료를 섭취한 왜지의 32%에서 심한 위염 증상이 나타났음. 이는 일반 사료를 섭취한
돼지의 12%에서 심한 위염 증상이 나타난 것과 비교해서 3배 정도 많은 심한 위염 증상이
나타난 것임. 특히 GM 사료를 섭취한 암컷 돼지는 일반 사료를 섭취한 암컷 돼지와 비교할
때 심한 위염 증상이 2.2배 더 많이 나타났으며, GM 사료를 섭취한 수컷 돼지는 일반 사료를
섭취한 수컷 돼지와 비교할 때 GM 사료를 섭취한 4배 더 많이 나타났음.
A long-term toxicology study on pigs fed a combined genetically modified (GM) soy and GM maize diet
Judy A. Carman1,2*, Howard R. Vlieger3, Larry J. Ver Steeg4, Verlyn E.
Sneller3, Garth W. Robinson5**, Catherine A. Clinch-Jones1, Julie I.
Haynes6, John W. Edwards2
1 Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Kensington Park, SA, Australia.
2 Health and the Environment, School of the Environment, Flinders University, Bedford
Park, SA, Australia.
3 Verity Farms, Maurice, Iowa, USA.
4 Ana-Tech, Monroe, Wisconsin, USA.
5 Sioux Center Veterinary Clinic, Sioux Center, Iowa, USA.
6 School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
* Email: judycarman@ozemail.com.au, judy.carman@flinders.edu.au.
** Present: Robinson Veterinary Services PC, Sioux Centre, Iowa, USA.
http://www.organic-systems.org/journal/81/8106.pdf (원문 : 첨부파일)
http://www.organic-systems.org/journal/81/index.html
Abstract
A significant number of genetically modified (GM) crops have been approved to enter
human food and animal feed since 1996, including crops containing several GM genes
‘stacked’ into the one plant. We randomised and fed isowean pigs (N=168) either a mixed
GM soy and GM corn (maize) diet (N=84) or an equivalent non-GM diet (N=84) in a longterm
toxicology study of 22.7 weeks (the normal lifespan of a commercial pig from
weaning to slaughter). Equal numbers of male and female pigs were present in each
group. The GM corn contained double and triple-stacked varieties. Feed intake, weight
gain, mortality and blood biochemistry were measured. Organ weights and pathology
were determined post-mortem. There were no differences between pigs fed the GM and
non-GM diets for feed intake, weight gain, mortality, and routine blood biochemistry
measurements. The GM diet was associated with gastric and uterine differences in pigs.
GM-fed pigs had uteri that were 25% heavier than non-GM fed pigs (p=0.025). GM-fed
pigs had a higher rate of severe stomach inflammation with a rate of 32% of GM-fed pigs
compared to 12% of non-GM-fed pigs (p=0.004). The severe stomach inflammation was
worse in GM-fed males compared to non-GM fed males by a factor of 4.0 (p=0.041), and
GM-fed females compared to non-GM fed females by a factor of 2.2 (p=0.034).
Key words: GMO, GM corn, GM soy, GM animal feed, toxicology, stomach inflammation,
uterus weight.
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관련 기사
Study links genetically modified grain to stomach inflammation in pigs
로이터 June 11 |
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/11/gmo-pigs-study-idUSL2N0EN0UR20130611?feedType=RSS&virtualBrandChannel=11563
(Reuters) – Pigs fed a diet of only genetically modified grain showed markedly higher stomach inflammation than pigs who dined on conventional feed, according to a new study by a team of Australian scientists and U.S. researchers.
The study adds to an intensifying public debate over the impact of genetically modified crops, which are widely used by U.S. and Latin American farmers and in many other countries around the world.
The study was published in the June issue of the peer-reviewed Journal of Organic Systems by researchers from Australia who worked with two veterinarians and a farmer in Iowa to study the U.S. pigs.
Lead researcher Judy Carman is an epidemiologist and biochemist and director of the Institute of Health and Environmental Research in Adelaide, Australia.
The study was conducted over 22.7 weeks using 168 newly weaned pigs in a commercial U.S. piggery.
One group of 84 ate a diet that incorporated genetically modified (GM) soy and corn, and the other group of 84 pigs ate an equivalent non-GM diet. The corn and soy feed was obtained from commercial suppliers, the study said, and the pigs were reared under identical housing and feeding conditions. The pigs were then slaughtered roughly five months later and autopsied by veterinarians who were not informed which pigs were fed on the GM diet and which were from the control group.
Researchers said there were no differences seen between pigs fed the GM and non-GM diets for feed intake, weight gain, mortality, and routine blood biochemistry measurements.
But those pigs that ate the GM diet had a higher rate of severe stomach inflammation – 32 percent of GM-fed pigs compared to 12 percent of non-GM-fed pigs. The inflammation was worse in GM-fed males compared to non-GM fed males by a factor of 4.0, and GM-fed females compared to non-GM-fed females by a factor of 2.2. As well, GM-fed pigs had uteri that were 25 percent heavier than non-GM fed pigs, the study said.
The researchers said more long-term animal feeding studies need to be done.
Biotech seeds are genetically altered to grow into plants that tolerate treatments of herbicide and resist pests, making producing crops easier for farmers. Some critics have argued for years that the DNA changes made to the transgenic plants engineer novel proteins that can be causing the digestive problems in animals and possibly in humans.
The companies that develop these transgenic crops, using DNA from other bacteria and other species, assert they are more than proven safe over their use since 1996.
CropLife International, a global federation representing the plant science industry, said more than 150 scientific studies have been done on animals fed biotech crops and to date, there is not scientific evidence of any detrimental impact.
